In-Depth Knowledge | Comprehensive Analysis Series
Complete Guide: Rosé Wine Production Methods and Their Characteristics
I once encountered an observation that “rosé wines are difficult to imagine even when you know their origin and grape variety.” While this is a fascinating perspective, as someone actually involved in winemaking, I find myself thinking, “Yes, that might i …
Flor Yeast: The Film-Forming Yeast That Shapes Wine Character Through Biological Aging
Wine aging is a crucial element that deepens the wine’s flavor profile. While wines generally evolve through oxidative aging, an alternative method called “biological aging” is sometimes employed during the winemaking process. Biological aging is a matura …
Complete Guide | How Sparkling Wine is Made
Sparkling wine, epitomized by Champagne, is an indispensable element at parties and other festive occasions. Have you ever wondered how this effervescent wine containing carbon dioxide gas is actually produced? While explanations of production methods are …
Myths and Realities of Whole-Cluster Fermentation: How Grape Stems Affect Wine
In the context of winemaking, you may have encountered terms such as “destemming” and “whole-cluster fermentation.” Both refer to how grape bunches are handled at the point of vatting. A grape cluster consists of many berries attached to a green, stem-lik …
A Comprehensive Guide to Petrol Notes in Wine
Are you familiar with the term “petri notes”? This is a specialized term frequently used in wine tasting, particularly when evaluating aged Riesling wines. Experienced tasters can sometimes identify a wine’s grape variety as Riesling the moment they detec …
Noble Mold Composing the World’s Finest Wines, or the Great Enemy that Rots Grapes | What is Botrytis?
What constitutes the world’s finest wine? Would it be the red wines of Bordeaux or Burgundy? The cult wines centered in America? The beloved Champagne? Or perhaps the trendy natural wines of today? In Germany, the legally classified highest-grade wine is …
Understanding Wine Off-Flavors | Off-Flavor Analysis Series
Brettanomyces: The Yeast Behind Brett Off-Flavors in Wine
You open a bottle of wine you’ve been looking forward to and pour it into your glass. As you bring your nose close to enjoy the aromatic bouquet rising from the wine, something seems off. Many of you have probably had this experience. Wine that produces u …
Malolactic Fermentation and Wine Off-Flavors | The Dual Nature of MLF
Malolactic fermentation (MLF) is an oenological technique actively employed to reduce wine acidity and impart distinctive aromatic characteristics and nuances. MLF represents one of the microbial-mediated approaches in winemaking, and its appeal as a more …
Wine Off-Flavor | UTA / ATA
You tasted a white wine at a winery or wine shop and liked it enough to purchase it. However, you felt it was still a little early for drinking, so you decided to let it rest a bit longer in your home cellar. Six months later, at the dinner table. You kne …
The Growing Wine Defect: What Is Smoke Taint?
There is a wine defect that is currently attracting attention. It is smoke taint. Smoke taint is a defect that occurs when grapes are exposed to smoke. In tasting, it is described with nuances such as “smoky,” “burnt rubber,” “bacon,” “disinfectant,” and …
How Light Changes Wine Aroma | Light-Struck Flavor
Light-struck flavor, or “nikkoushuu” in Japanese. The name might evoke images of freshly laundered white sheets fluttering under a clear blue sky, or the pleasant scent of sunshine when wrapped in those sheets. Unfortunately, that is not what this term re …
A Comprehensive Guide to Petrol Notes in Wine
Are you familiar with the term “petri notes”? This is a specialized term frequently used in wine tasting, particularly when evaluating aged Riesling wines. Experienced tasters can sometimes identify a wine’s grape variety as Riesling the moment they detec …












